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Cardiac

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Known as the "silent killer", hypertension often has no symptoms but damages the heart, brain, and kidneys over time.

Understanding blood pressure

  • Normal: Below 120/80 mmHg.
  • Elevated: 120-129 / less than 80.
  • High (Stage 1): 130-139 / 80-89.
  • High (Stage 2): 140+ / 90+.
  • Crisis: Above 180/120 — seek emergency care immediately.

Why it matters

  • Hypertension is the leading risk factor for heart attack and stroke.
  • It damages blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, and the brain silently over years.
  • About 1 in 4 Indian adults has hypertension, but many are undiagnosed.
  • Uncontrolled hypertension during blood donation can be dangerous — screening catches it.

Management

  • Reduce salt intake to less than 5g per day (1 teaspoon).
  • Exercise regularly — even a daily 30-minute walk helps.
  • Maintain a healthy weight — every 1 kg lost can reduce BP by about 1 mmHg.
  • Limit alcohol and quit smoking.
  • Take prescribed medication consistently — do not stop without consulting a doctor.

Sources

Information verified from the following authoritative sources:

WHO — Hypertension American Heart Association — Blood Pressure Mayo Clinic — High Blood Pressure

Disclaimer: This information is for awareness only and does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.